Common Types of Construction Defects

Construction defects are a significant concern for Colorado homeowners, particularly given the region’s unique climate, soil conditions, and seasonal extremes. Below, we outline the most common types of construction issues and defect claims Colorado homeowners face, providing insight into potential causes and implications for each type of defect. This resource is designed to offer comprehensive information for Colorado homeowners seeking to understand and address common construction defects.

Water Leaks

Water leaks are among the most prevalent construction defects in Colorado. They typically stem from issues with windows, doors, and roofing systems. When improperly installed, these elements allow water to infiltrate the building envelope, leading to damage in the underlying building materials:

• Windows and doors: Improper flashing or sealing often allows water to seep into the structure, causing wood rot, drywall degradation, and insulation damage.
• Roofing systems: Inadequate installation of shingles, tiles, or underlayment can lead to roof leaks, impacting the attic, ceilings, and upper floors.

The consequences of water intrusion can include structural weakening, mold growth, and compromised indoor air quality, often leading to costly repairs if left unaddressed.

Foundation Movement

Foundation movement is another common defect in the Denver metro area and surrounding regions, primarily due to expansive soils that swell and contract with moisture levels. Common causes of foundation movement include:

• Improper structural design: A foundation that lacks sufficient support or fails to accommodate soil movement can crack or settle unevenly.
• Faulty foundation construction: Issues such as inadequate compaction or insufficient reinforcement may contribute to instability over time.

Foundation movement often results in “differential settlement,” where sections of the foundation shift unevenly, leading to visible cracks, compromised structural integrity, and additional damage to windows, doors, and framing throughout the home.

Cracking, Scaling, and Spalling Concrete

Defects in concrete installations can lead to cracking, scaling, and spalling, all of which affect both the appearance and functionality of concrete surfaces:

• Cracking: Frequently caused by suboptimal soil compaction or shifts in underlying soil, leading to fractures.
• Scaling and spalling: Often resulting from poor-quality concrete mixes or inadequate surface finishing, which deteriorates under moisture exposure and freeze-thaw cycles.

Concrete issues are especially common in driveways, walkways, patios, and foundation slabs, often necessitating costly repairs or premature replacement if not addressed early.

Flooding

Flooding can result from both construction defects and improper grading, which fails to direct water away from the property effectively. In Colorado, flooding may occur in two main ways:

• Roof or window leaks: Poor installation of roofing or windows can allow water infiltration during rainstorms or snowmelt, leading to significant interior water damage.
• Grading and drainage deficiencies: Incorrectly sloped landscapes around the home can cause water to pool near the foundation or basement, resulting in foundation erosion, mold, and mildew.

Colorado’s heavy snowfall in areas like Aspen and Vail increases the risk of flooding when snow melts and collects in areas unprepared to handle such volumes of water, emphasizing the need for proper drainage solutions in higher elevations.

Major Structural Issues

Structural issues encompass defects that compromise the overall stability and safety of the home and may require significant intervention:

• Retaining walls: Poorly constructed retaining walls may bulge, lean, or collapse, especially on properties with sloped or elevated landscapes.
• Decks: Inadequately supported decks can sag, collapse, or become a safety hazard if they are not structurally sound.
• Railing systems: Faulty installation or lack of proper bolting can result in unstable railings, particularly in multi-level homes or buildings with balconies.

These structural defects often arise from inadequate construction practices, lack of proper materials, or failure to adhere to local building codes, which is especially crucial in a state with diverse terrain and weather patterns.

Why Construction Defects Are Prevalent in Colorado

Due to Colorado’s unique combination of expansive soils, freeze-thaw cycles, and high-altitude snow loads, construction defects related to soil movement, water intrusion, and concrete damage are especially prevalent. Colorado homeowners should be vigilant about identifying and addressing these issues early, as they can lead to more significant structural problems if ignored.

Steps to Take if You Suspect a Construction Defect

1. Document the issue: Take photographs and note the location, date, and extent of the damage.
2. Consult with a professional: Engage a structural engineer or construction defect expert to assess the damage and determine the cause.
3. Review warranties and contracts: Check for any builder warranties or contract terms that may cover repairs or remediation.
4. Seek legal advice if necessary: If the builder is unresponsive or denies responsibility, consulting a construction law attorney may be prudent.

By understanding these common construction issues, Colorado homeowners can take proactive measures to safeguard their properties and maintain the long-term value and safety of their investments.